Michael Johnson’s Five and a Half Steps

Most brands have
a logo. Fewer have
a brand.

There is a difference between a business that looks professional and one whose brand drives commercial outcomes. The first has colours, fonts and a website. The second has a clear market position, consistent messaging that reaches the right audience and a visual identity that reinforces both.

  • When a brand is not working, it shows up in the numbers: paid ads cost more, pricing pressure increases, sales cycles get longer.
  • These are brand problems. They just look like commercial problems.
  • A brand audit is the diagnostic that connects the two.

Michael Johnson’s Five and a Half Steps

Michael Johnson is one of the world’s most respected brand consultants and founder of johnson banks, the London studio behind rebrands for Virgin Atlantic, the Science Museum, BFI and Unicef UK. His book Branding: In Five and a Half Steps is the definitive practical guide to the branding process. The framework rests on one principle: great brands do not begin with design. They begin with the right question.

CXConversion uses this framework as the spine of every brand audit. It ensures the review covers not just how the brand looks, but what it says, what it means and how it sits against the market.

1
Investigate

Audit the current state, visual, verbal, competitive and perceptual.

  • How does your brand currently present itself visually across all touchpoints?
  • What does your verbal identity look like: tone of voice, messaging, language patterns?
  • How do customers and prospects currently perceive the brand? What do they actually say?
  • Where do competitors sit visually and verbally? Are you following sector norms or standing out?
  • Where are the gaps between how you see your brand and how the market sees it?
2
Strategy and Narrative

Define what the brand stands for and why it matters.

  • Can you articulate your brand’s reason to exist in a single clear sentence?
  • What is your brand personality? How does it behave, not just look?
  • Is your strategy differentiated, or are you using the same language as every competitor?
  • Does your narrative pass the ‘so what’ test for your specific audience?
  • Are your values visible in the actual customer experience, or only on the About page?
2.5
Bridging the Gap

The critical link most brands skip

This is the step where strategy and creative thinking must meet, before final sign-off on either.

  • Does your current design reflect your current strategy, or an older one?
  • Where are the disconnects between what the brand says and what it looks like?
  • Have design decisions been made before the strategic thinking was solid?
  • Are there creative insights from the design stage that should feed back into the narrative?
3
Design and Identity

Review the visual execution against strategy and competitive context.

  • Does the logo communicate the right thing for the right audience in the right context?
  • Is the colour palette distinctive? Does it own space in your sector or blend in?
  • Is there a clear visual hierarchy in communications, or does everything compete for attention?
  • Are brand assets being used consistently, or does each channel feel like a different company?
4
Naming and Brand Architecture

Assess how the brand and its products or services are structured and labelled.

  • Does the brand name still reflect what the business does and who it serves?
  • Is the brand architecture clear: house of brands, branded house or hybrid?
  • Do product or service names reinforce or confuse the master brand?
  • Are there naming conflicts, trademark risks or confusion with competitors?
5
Touchpoints and Experience

How the brand shows up at every customer interaction.

  • Is the brand identity applied consistently across website, social, email and advertising?
  • Where are the highest-traffic brand touchpoints, and are they performing?
  • Are there touchpoints where the brand is absent or actively undermining trust?
  • What does the brand experience look like on mobile, where most first impressions happen?

Brand health and marketing ROI are the same problem

A weak brand creates drag across every performance channel. Every finding in the audit is assessed for its brand impact and its downstream effect on marketing performance.

Paid search

Weak brand awareness means lower Quality Scores, higher CPCs and lower conversion rates from branded searches.

Meta & TikTok

Poor brand clarity leads to creative that tries to do too much. No clear hook, no clear audience, no consistent message.

SEO

Brands without a clear positioning struggle to create content that ranks. They are not distinctive enough to attract links or engagement.

CRO

Conversion problems are often brand problems. If visitors do not trust the brand or understand the proposition quickly, they leave.

Retention

Customers who connect with a brand have higher lifetime value, lower churn and are more likely to refer others.

Pricing power

Brands that lack differentiation compete on price. A clear brand position gives you the room to hold your margin.

Six outputs. All commercially framed.

Plain English throughout. No brand jargon. Every finding tied to a commercial outcome.

01
Brand Audit Report

A section-by-section review mapped to Johnson’s Five and a Half Steps. Covers visual, verbal, competitive and perceptual dimensions.

02
Perception Gap Analysis

The gap between how your brand presents itself and how the market actually perceives it, backed by competitive research.

03
Competitive Brand Landscape

How direct and indirect competitors are positioned visually, verbally and strategically, with gaps clearly identified.

04
Priority Recommendations

Immediate fixes, medium-term improvements and strategic brand decisions clearly separated so you know what to do first.

05
Brand Strength Scorecard

A one-page summary of brand health across five dimensions: clarity, differentiation, consistency, relevance and commercial alignment.

06
Live Review Session

A 60-minute debrief to walk through findings, challenge assumptions and agree priorities. Recorded for your team.

Who this audit is for

Brand audits are available as a standalone engagement. They often lead to ongoing brand strategy or performance marketing work, but that is your choice, not a requirement.

Founders and CEOs

Whose brand no longer reflects what the business has become. Common for businesses that have grown but whose brand identity was built at an earlier, smaller stage.

Marketing Directors

Preparing for a rebrand or brand refresh and wanting a structured starting point. The audit gives you the evidence base to brief an agency or make the investment case internally.

Ecommerce brands

Where brand inconsistency is creating friction in the customer acquisition journey or increasing the cost of paid acquisition.

B2B companies

Where differentiation is weak and the business is competing on price more than it should. Brand clarity is often the lever that changes this.

Businesses preparing for change

Preparing for a fundraise, sale or major market expansion. Or those that have grown through acquisition and inherited brand fragmentation.

Teams that suspect a link

Teams that suspect brand is affecting performance marketing but cannot prove the link. The audit gives you the evidence.

The consultant behind the audit

CXConversion is led by Femi Olajiga, a growth marketing consultant with over 15 years working with brands where strategy and performance need to operate together. The brand audit is not a theoretical exercise. Every finding is grounded in what affects commercial outcomes across paid media, SEO, CRO and customer experience.

Framework

Michael Johnson’s Five and a Half Steps, applied to brand audits for growth-stage and established businesses across all sectors.

Sectors

Ecommerce, Retail, Financial Services, Luxury, Pharma, Energy and Utilities, Charities, B2B SaaS and Public Sector.

Clients

Harrods, Nationwide, Aviva Investors, Bacardi, Philip Morris International, British Heart Foundation, Macmillan Cancer Support, OVO Energy and more.

Brand shows up in everything

A brand audit identifies the root issues. These services address the channels where those issues show up most directly.

Paid Advertising Audit

If your ads are not converting, brand clarity is often the reason. A paid ads audit reviews your Google, Meta and TikTok campaigns against your commercial goals.

See Paid Ads Audit →
CRO Audit

Brand problems show up as conversion problems. Visitors who do not trust or understand a proposition quickly leave. A CRO audit finds where that friction lives.

See CRO Audit →
Content Audit

Brands without clear positioning struggle to create content that ranks. A content audit maps content gaps to revenue opportunity with your brand position as the anchor.

See Content Audit →
Brands I have worked with